Article

Causativity in Ìgbò Personal Names

Maduabuchi Sennen Agbo 1 ,
Author Information & Copyright
1University of Benin, Nigeria
Corresponding Author : Maduabuchi Sennen Agbo, Department of Linguistics and African Languages, Faculty of Arts, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. Phone: +234-8056021759; Email: maduagbo@gmail.com

Copyright ⓒ 2016, Sejong University Language Research Institue. This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Received: Jun 17, 2014; Revised: Jul 24, 2014; Accepted: Aug 14, 2014

Published Online: Jan 01, 2017

Abstract

Causativity is a universal feature of the grammar of languages. It is also a fundamental category of human cognition. This has stimulated a wide ranging literature on it. However, there is only one major investigation of causativity in Ìgbò and this work is essentially theory oriented, neglecting the centrality of causativity in Ìgbò tradition, socio-cultural milieu, and belief systems. Thus, this investigation, has the objective of describing the morphosyntactic features and lexicalisation patterns of Igbo personal names in order to situate the significance of causativity in Ìgbò tradition and culture. Ìgbò personal names have causativizing morphemes in their lexicalised forms. These morphemes include fùnà, gbò, gbú, , kwé, kwú, and . They encode causative senses when affixed to nominals or clauses. The lexicalization of these fused forms produce Ìgbò personal names with causative readings and socio-cultural and contextual interpretations. The grammatical analysis of these personal names is a contribution from Ìgbò to the cross-linguistic study of causation and the universal cognitive category of causativity. It is also a stimulus for the further investigation of the grammar of causativity and transitivity, and also, verbal compounding and causativity in Ìgbò. This will be fundamental to a better understanding of causativity as a universal feature of the grammar of languages.

Keywords: causativity; cognition; lexicalization; morphosyntax; Igbo personal names; Igbo culture

REFERENCES

1.

Agbo, M. (In Preparation) Causative Constructions in Igbo.

2.

Agbo, M. 2013. A Role and Reference Grammar Analysis of the Igbo Verb. Ph.D Dissertation. University of Ibadan.

3.

Anyanwu, O. 2005. Analytical Causatives in Igbo. In O. Ndimele (ed.), Trends in the Study of Languages and Linguistics in Nigeria (A Festschrift for P.A. Nwachukwu) 609-631. Port Harcourt: Grand Orbit Communication & Emhai Press.

4.

Anyanwu, O. 2007. The Syntax of Igbo Causatives. Port Harcourt: M & J Grand Orbit Communications.

5.

Baker, M. 1988. Incorporation: A Theory of Grammatical Function Changing. Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press.

6.

Brinton, L. 2002. Grammaticalisation versus Lexicalization Reconsidered: On the 'Late' Use of Temporal Adverbs. In T. Fanago, M. López-Couso & J. Pérez-Guerra (eds.), English Historical Syntax and Morphology: Selected Papers from 11 ICEHL 67-97. Amsterdam & Philadelphia, PE: John Benjamins.

7.

Brinton, L. & Traugott, E. 2005. Lexicalisation and Language Change. New York: Cambridge University Press.

8.

Comrie, B. 1989. Language Universals and Linguistics Typology (2nd edition). Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press.

9.

Croft, W. 2001. Radical Construction Grammar. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

10.

Croft, W. 2003. Typology and Universals (2nd edition). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

11.

Dixon, R. 2000. A Typology of Causatives. In R. Dixon & A. Aikenvald. Changing Valency: Case Studies in Transitivity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

12.

Emenanjo, N. 1975. Aspects of the Igbo Verb. In F. Ogbalu & N. Emenanjo (eds.), Igbo Language and Culture 160-173. Ibadan: Oxford University Press.

13.

Emenanjo, N. 1978. Elements of Modern Igbo Grammar. Ibadan: Ibadan University Press.

14.

Emenanjo, N. 2005. Igbo Verbs: Transitivity or Complementation. In O.Ndimele (ed.), Trends in the Study of Languages and Linguistics in Nigeria (A Feschrift for P.A. Nwachukwu) 479-497. Port Harcourt: Grand Orbit Communication & Emhai Press.

15.

Fleck, D. 2002. Causation in Matses (Panoan, Amazonian Peru). In M. Shibathani (ed.), The Grammar of Causation and Interpersonal Manipulation 373-415. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

16.

Kemmer, S. & A. Verhagen. 1994. The Grammar of Causatives and the Conceptual Structure of Events. Cognitive Linguistics 5, 115-156.

17.

Lakoff, G. & M. Johnson. 1980. Metaphors We Live by. Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press.

18.

Langacker, R. 1987. Foundations of Cognitive Grammar: Theoretical Prerequisites. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

19.

Langacker, R. 1991. Foundations of Cognitive Grammar: Descriptive Application. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

20.

Levin, B. 1993. English Verb Classes and Alternations: A Preliminary Investigation. Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press.

21.

Lord, C. 1975. Igbo Verb Compounds and the Lexicon. Studies in African Linguistics 6.1, 23-48.

22.

Mbah, B. 1999. Studies in Syntax: Igbo Phrase Structure. Nsukka: Prize Publishers.

23.

Ọnụkawa, M. 1995. A Re-analysis of the So Called Igbò De-sentential Nominals. In N. Emenanjo & O. Ndimele (eds.), Issues in African Languages and Linguistics: Essays in Honour of Kay Williamson 266-278. Aba: NINLAN.

24.

Ọnụkawa, M. 1999. The Significance of the Verb Kwe in Igbo Personal Names. Anthropological Linguistics 41.1, 107-119.

25.

Radford, A. 1997. Syntax: A Minimalist Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

26.

Rappaport Hovav, M. & B. Levin. 2000. Classifying Single Argument Verbs. In P. Coopmans, M. Everaert & J. Grimshaw (eds.), Lexical Specification and Insertion 269-304. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

27.

Shibatani, M. 1976. The Grammar of Causative Constructions: A Conspectus. In M. Shibatani (ed.), Syntax and Semantics VI:The Grammar of Causative Constructions 1-40. New Work: Academic Press.

28.

Shibatani, M. (ed.) 2002. The Grammar of Causation and Interpersonal Manipulation. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.

29.

Shibatani, M. & P. Pardeshi. 2002. The Causative Continuum. In M. Shibatani (ed.), The Grammar of Causation and Interpersonal Manipulation 85-126. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.

30.

Uwalaka, M. 1995. X0-Movement and Complex Predicates. In O. Kola (ed.), Language in Nigeria: Essays in Honour of Ayo Bamgbose 157-1755. Ibadan: Group Publishers.

31.

Uwalaka, M. 1988. The Igbo Verb: A Semantico-Syntactic Analysis. Wien: Bertrage Zur Afrikanistik Band 35.

32.

van Valin, R. 2005. Exploring the Syntax-Semantics Interface. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

33.

Wierzbicka, A. 1988. The Semantics of Grammar. Amsterdam & Philadelphia, PE: John Benjamins Publishing Company.

34.

Williamson, K. & R. Blench. 2000. Niger Congo. In H. Bern & D. Nurse (eds.), African Languages: An Introduction An Introduction 11-42 Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.